STATEMENT BY H.E. MR. KHURELSUKH UKHNAA, PRESIDENT OF MONGOLIA, AT THE GENERAL DEBATE OF THE 78th SESSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY

(New York, 20 September 2023)

Mr. President,

Mr. Secretary-General, Distinguished delegates, Ladies and gentlemen,

I wish to convey my heartfelt congratulations to the President of the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly, Your Excellency Mr. Dennis Francis, and wish every success in the work of the session.

I’m confident that under your able leadership, the 78th session of the General Assembly will facilitate comprehensive discussions on a range of critical issues facing the world, and will present constructive solutions for peace, prosperity, and sustainability.

We can not only indulge in peace and harmony, but we can entrust a peaceful and prosperous world to future generations by sincerely yearning for peace, security, and sustainable development, and by devoting efforts and financial resources to consolidate the political, economic, environmental, and socio-cultural foundations that sustain the world.

Mr. President,

Despite the world's collective accomplishment in overcoming the threat of the global pandemic, we are still facing a range of challenges stemming from geostrategic and geopolitical tensions, socioeconomic crises, climate change and swift technological advancements.

The United Nations, its Charter and international legal system are continuing to play an important role in strengthening global peace and security, and fostering international cooperation.

To collectively overcome current challenges, conflicts, confrontations, and mistrust, the countries of the world should strive for greater unity, trust, and friendship, and endeavor to further strengthen the role and position of the United Nations as a global community of human solidarity.

Mongolia commends and supports the initiatives outlined in the UN Secretary- General’s report "Our Common Agenda", including the recent "New Agenda for Peace”, which offer proactive solutions to global challenges in international relations by amplifying preventive diplomacy and reinvigorating multilateral cooperation and dialogue.

The rapid advancement of digital technology is unlocking new prospects for global development. Yet on the other hand, it is also reshaping the landscape of threats that jeopardize world peace and security, such as terrorist attacks, their financing, money laundering, and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

Therefore, in order to combat them effectively it is vital for the countries across the globe and international community to collaborate in all aspects, exchange information, and refine the international legal framework.

In this context, Mongolia fully supports the initiatives and activities of the United Nations and its system organizations and has been actively contributing to the establishment of a “Comprehensive International Convention on Countering the Use of Information and Communications Technologies for Criminal Purposes”.

Mr. President,

Today’s tense and complex geopolitical dynamics are undermining both global and regional security, and provoking misunderstandings among nations. Consequently, the most effective means to address these complex issues is peaceful dialogue.

It has been more than three decades since Mongolia declared its territory as nuclear-weapon-free and we have been fully supporting international community’s efforts for disarmament and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.

In order to make a contribution to our regional peace and security, Mongolia has successfully hosted the International Conference of the Ulaanbaatar Dialogue on Northeast Asian Security in June of this year for the eighth time.

The United Nations Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Disarmament Affairs, Ms. Izumi Nakamitsu, participated in the conference and highlighted that the "Ulaanbaatar Dialogue" mechanism is becoming a significant platform in establishing peace and security, and in strengthening confidence-building measures in the Northeast Asia.

I am pleased to note that Mongolia's efforts in pursuing regional peace and security within the framework of its peace-loving, open, and multi-pillar foreign policy are expanding and the number of participating countries is growing year by year.

Mr. President,

UN Peacekeeping stands as one of the essential instruments in maintaining international peace and security. It continues to play a pivotal role in halting and preventing armed conflicts, alleviating humanitarian crises, and fostering an environment conducive to the progress of social development.

For this cause, we consider UN Peacekeeping operations a vital part of the United Nations and multilateral cooperation efforts for peace.

Over the past 20 years, through its deployment of more than 20,000 peacekeepers to hot spots around the world, Mongolia has been honorably fulfilling its obligations to the international community in the maintenance of global peace and security.

Mongolia emphasizes the meaningful participation of women in UN Peacekeeping operations and believes that strengthening the role of women at its all levels will have significant impacts on the maintenance of international peace and security, and on the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

To contribute to the implementation of the UN Security Council Resolution on Women, Peace, and Security (UNSCR 1325), we successfully organized an international conference on “Strengthening the Role of Women in Peacekeeping” in June 2022, where participants shared and exchanged their experiences and ideas on best practices and lessons learned as well as challenges and obstacles encountered in the field.

We are also aiming at implementing our national policies and activities on ensuring gender equality in line with the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda.

Mr. President,

As nations, it is our collective aspiration to coexist harmoniously and equitably in this world, regardless of our ethnicity, race, age, gender, religion, or cultural distinctions.

However, the principle of "leaving no one behind in development" defined by us has not been fully realized so far. Disparities still persist both in the levels of development among various countries and in the living conditions experienced by different groups of people.

The recent global challenges such as the pandemic, climate change, geopolitical conflicts, financial and debt crises, poverty, and hunger have significantly hindered development, particularly in developing countries where progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is lagging.

Eventhough, we have already passed halfway to the deadline for the 2030 Agenda, which is the roadmap for fostering trust, unity and development, the UN Report 2023 reveals that only 12 percent of the SDG targets are on track, while progress on 50 percent is weak and insufficient and progress on 30 percent has stalled or even reversed.

If we are unable to achieve our goals, it is evident that the further path for development and progress for mankind will be bleak.

It is critical time to be responsible, as the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres warned, not to turn the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development into a “mirage of what might have been”.

Prior to the pandemic, the annual SDG funding gap stood at 2.5 trillion US dollars, but as per the OECD, it has now surged to at least 4.2 trillion dollars and 52 least developed countries are at risk of serious debt crisis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a global plan for financing the SDGs.

Mongolia presented its second National Voluntary Review Report at the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development of the United Nations held last July in New York. According to the report, Mongolia has made a notable progress in 15 of the goals, while the implementation of one goal has been assessed as regressive.

It has been estimated that Mongolia needs additional spending of approximately 18 percent of GDP annually on average until 2030 to achieve the SDG targets.

Mr. President,

Climate change is sending a distress call and warning alarm of impending threat that is looming over human life and the existence of humanity on the Earth.

If we do not follow a resolute path to preserve our Mother Earth right now, she will inevitably find her own way to survive, even if it means doing so without us.

The 2023 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warns that "If global temperature increases by half a degree, it will lead to increased poverty, heatwaves, sea-level rise, coral reef decline and habitat loss and severe drought. Every increment of global warming will be immeasurably costly”.

Therefore, governments should take urgent measures to implement the Paris Agreement, heed the guidance of scientists, raise public awareness, regulate resource utilization, preserve, and restore biological diversity, foster ecologically friendly and economically efficient technologies, such as the use of renewable energy, and substantially bolster climate financing.

With this determination, in 2023, Mongolia became one of the first countries to adopt the SDG Finance Taxonomy by introducing major legislative reforms aimed at increasing foreign and domestic investment.

Mongolia is effectively implementing the national movements "Billion Trees" and "Food Supply and Security”, as well as successfully hosted the World Export Development Forum focusing on the further development of green, digital, and inclusive trade and economic relations.

Furthermore, in the Orkhon Valley, which has been inscribed on the World Heritage List, we commenced a major development project to rebuild Kharkhorum, the ancient capital of Mongols, into an environmentally friendly, smart eco-city for green development.

I am also pleased to inform that Mongolia has proceeded into the preparations for hosting the 17th Conference of the Parties (COP17) of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in Ulaanbaatar in 2026.

Mr. President,

At the United Nations, Mongolia actively endeavors to protect the interests of landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) and to present both the challenges and opportunities of countries with special needs to the international community.

Currently Mongolia is working as Vice-Chair of the Group of Landlocked Developing Countries at the United Nations and is making advancement on the initiative to set up a group of LLDCs in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

Henceforth, during the 41st session of the Assembly of the ICAO held in Montreal, Canada, in September 2022, Mongolia submitted a Working Paper on “Improving Air Connectivity in LLDCs”, which received a wide support from its Member States.

Moreover, Mongolia attaches particular importance to developing the International Think Tank of the LLDCs, an intergovernmental organization, established in Ulaanbaatar in 2017, and strengthening its research capacities.

We believe that based on the practical experiences and lessons learned from the implementation of the Vienna Program of Action the Third United Nations Conference on LLDCs to be held in Kigali, Rwanda, in 2024, will be a critical occasion to adopt a renewed development framework for the landlocked developing countries for the next decade.

Mr. President,

It is commendable that the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly drew global attention to health issues by convening the three high-level meetings on Universal Health Coverage, Pandemic Preparedness, Prevention and Response, and Fight against Tuberculosis and adopting their political declarations.

I am confident that outcomes of these meetings will make a significant contribution to the international efforts in this field, and they will be reflected as well in the national program "Healthy Mongolian" implemented at my own initiative.

Mongolia fully supports and expresses its commitment to contribute to the negotiation on the development of the WHO convention, agreement or other international instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response as agreed by the Member States during the Second Special Session of the World Health Assembly.

We believe that the establishment of the international legal document will be of great importance for timely and equitable access to, and distribution of, pandemic-related vaccines, treatments, and diagnostics.

On behalf of the people of Mongolia, I wish to express my deep gratitude to all health care workers around the world, who selflessly and tirelessly worked to save people’s lives and their health.

My gratitude also goes to the World Health Organization, their employees, and Director-General Dr. Tedros A. Ghebreyesus, who played an important role in overcoming the tough times of the global pandemic with less damage.

We call upon Member States to support and cooperate comprehensively in

strengthening the World Health Organization’s role and position while broadening its range of activities.

Mr. President,

This year marks the 75th anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

As a democratic country, Mongolia fully advocates for human rights, freedom and justice, and the principles of promoting gender equality and human rights in political, social, cultural and economic spheres, are enshrined in the Constitution of Mongolia.

Building a world free of gender inequality is our shared goal, and it is our collective duty and responsibility to collaborate in its realization.

Just as women's roles and contributions are essential for both the harmony and prosperity of nations and well-being of families, women and female leaders play a critical role in security and development of humankind.

Last June, Mongolia successfully organized the Female Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, where the participants conducted constructive discussions on presenting solutions to pressing issues of mankind and international community, including global peace and security, climate change, and food security. As an outcome of the meeting, "Ulaanbaatar "Declaration" was adopted.

To further advance this achievement, we propose to convene the "World Women's Forum" in Mongolia in 2024. We call upon countries to cooperate in support of this initiative.

Mr. President,

In this era of profound transformations in the international order and norms, the role and significance of multilateral cooperation and the international community is growing enormously.

Therefore, Mongolia believes that it is important for the UN Member States to actively participate in the intensification of the reforms of the United Nations, particularly in furthering the negotiations of the reform of the UN Security Council.